中國共產(chǎn)黨
the Communist Party of China (CPC)
黨員
members of the Communist Party of China
中國工人階級(jí)
Chinese working class
中國共產(chǎn)黨章程
Party Constitution
中國共產(chǎn)主義青年團(tuán)
the Communist Youth League of China
先鋒隊(duì)
vanguard
黨的紀(jì)律
Party discipline
申請(qǐng)入黨者
applicant for Party membership
預(yù)備黨員
probationary Party member
入黨宣誓
take an admission oath
誓詞如下：
我志愿加入中國共產(chǎn)黨，擁護(hù)黨的綱領(lǐng)，遵守黨的章程，履行黨員義務(wù)，執(zhí)行黨的決定，嚴(yán)守黨的紀(jì)律，保守黨的秘密，對(duì)黨忠誠，積極工作，為共產(chǎn)主義奮斗終身，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備為黨和人民犧牲一切，永不叛黨。
The oath reads: It is my will to join the Communist Party of China, uphold the Party's program, observe the provisions of the Party Constitution, fulfill a Party member's duties, carry out the Party's decisions, strictly observe Party discipline, guard Party secrets, be loyal to the Party, work hard, fight for communism throughout my life, be ready at all times to sacrifice my all for the Party and the people, and never betray the Party.
正式黨員
full Party member
交黨費(fèi)
pay membership
黨支部
Party branch
黨小組
Party cell
黨員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部
Party cadres
民主生活會(huì)
democratic meetings
黨齡
a Party standing of ... years
黨徽黨旗
Party Emblem and Flag
馬列主義
Marxism-Leninism
毛澤東思想
Mao Zedong Thought
鄧小平理論
Deng Xiaoping Theory
三個(gè)代表：
Three Represents
代表中國先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求
the development trend of China's advanced productive forces
代表中國先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向
the orientation of China's advanced culture
代表中國最廣大人民的根本利益
the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people
黨的四項(xiàng)基本要求：
four essential requirements
堅(jiān)持黨的基本路線
adhering to the Party's basic line
解放思想，實(shí)事求是，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)
persevering in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and keeping up with the times
全心全意為人民服務(wù)
serving the people wholeheartedly
堅(jiān)持民主集中制
upholding democratic centralism
三嚴(yán)三實(shí)：
Three stricts and three honests
既嚴(yán)以修身、嚴(yán)以用權(quán)、嚴(yán)以律己，又謀事要實(shí)、創(chuàng)業(yè)要實(shí)、做人要實(shí)。
be strict in morals, power and disciplining oneself; be honest in decisions, business and behavior
全面從嚴(yán)治黨
comprehensively strengthen Party discipline
經(jīng)濟(jì)方面：
三資企業(yè)(中外合資、中外合作、外商獨(dú)資) overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits
貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation
吸收游資 absorb idle fund
商業(yè)貸款 commercial lending
經(jīng)營支出 operating expenses
再貸款 re-lending; subloan
支持國有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資 support large State-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market
改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.
進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場(chǎng) further standardize and develop the securities market
增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing
完善股票發(fā)行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets
中國證監(jiān)會(huì) China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
綜合指數(shù) composite index
納斯達(dá)克(高技術(shù)企業(yè)板) NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation)
主板市場(chǎng) the main board
通貨緊縮 deflation
中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略the three-step development strategy of China's modernization drive
第一步，到1990年國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番 Step One： GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.
第二步，到2000年人均國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平 Step Two： GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.
第三步，到21世紀(jì)中期建國100周年時(shí)，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平 Step Three： By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China's level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy
中國巨大的市場(chǎng)潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng) The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.
一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會(huì)受到?jīng)_擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.
立足中國國情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì) proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play
揚(yáng)長避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn) foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization
瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints
放權(quán)讓利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one's commitment to reform
配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms
配套資金 counterpart funds; local funding of
提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns
講求社會(huì)效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect
加速國民經(jīng)濟(jì)信息化 develop information-based economy, accelerate IT application in economy
拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長 fuel economic growth
利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
費(fèi)改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes
債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap
頭寸寬裕(頭寸緊缺) in an easy position (tight position)
朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè) sunrise industry
招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制 the system of public bidding for project
充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy
實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向銀行增發(fā)國債，擴(kuò)大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.
再注資 recapitalization
放松銀根 to ease monetary policy
信息經(jīng)濟(jì) IT economy
外向型經(jīng)濟(jì) export-oriented economy
信息時(shí)代 information age
全球化 globalization (全球性globality)
信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) reputational risk
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)級(jí) risk rating
到期不還貸 default on a loan
資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent
亞洲金融危機(jī) Asian financial crisis (1997-98)
投資(貸款)組合 investment (loan) portfolio
外匯儲(chǔ)備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves
中國金融業(yè)問題 problems with financial sector in China
儲(chǔ)蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply
國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,
國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks
少數(shù)中小存款金融機(jī)構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù) insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions
不良貸款 non-performing loans
防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) address financial risks
提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力 improve enterprises' creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities
監(jiān)事會(huì) supervisory board
實(shí)行謹(jǐn)慎會(huì)計(jì)制度 adopt prudential accounting standards
五級(jí)分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量 the five-category asset classification approach
金融資產(chǎn)管理公司 financial asset management companies
分離和收回不良資產(chǎn) substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets
分業(yè)管理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營 business segregation, economy of scale
規(guī)范金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場(chǎng)退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions
政策性銀行 state policy-related bank
國家發(fā)展銀行 State Development Bank
知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge-based economy
網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì) Internet-based networked economy
指導(dǎo)性計(jì)劃 guidance plan
社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)(中國) socialist market economy
社會(huì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)(德國) social market economy
新經(jīng)濟(jì)(美國) new economy
中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China
中國民生銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.
中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank
中國進(jìn)出口銀行 China EXIM Bank
匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)
金融監(jiān)管 financial supervision
中國人民銀行法 Law of the People's Bank of China
商業(yè)銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks
出租車起步價(jià) flag down fare
法定準(zhǔn)備金率 required reserve ratio
實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) real economy 虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì) fictitious economy
反盜版 anti-piracy 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property rights
出口退稅 tax rebates 人民幣升值 the yuan’s appreciation
信貸緊縮 credit crunch 次貸危機(jī) subprime mortgage rate 最優(yōu)惠貸款利率 prime rate
經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房 economically affordable house
安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
住房保障制度 housing security system
大宗交易系統(tǒng) block trading system 競(jìng)價(jià)交易系統(tǒng) bid trading system
暴利稅 windfall tax
從緊的貨幣政策 tight monetary policy
寬松的貨幣政策 easy monetary policy
審慎的財(cái)政政策 prudent fiscal policy
油價(jià)飆升 oil prices surge
原油價(jià)飆升 crude oil prices surge
石油輸出國組織 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)
原油儲(chǔ)備 crude oil stockpiles
輕質(zhì)原油 light sweet crude
使人均GDP翻兩番 to quadruple per capita GDP
股權(quán)收購、股權(quán)投資 stake purchase ; take stakes
房屋中介 letting agent 保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 insurance agent 地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 estate agent
直銷 direct selling 傳銷 pyramid selling
吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback
洗錢 money laundering
透支 overdraft
股市牛年 bullish year
上市子公司 listed subsidiary
海關(guān)稅收 customs revenue
稅收減免 tax break
貨幣升值 revaluation
貨幣經(jīng)紀(jì)人 money broker
起征點(diǎn) cutoff point
暴發(fā)戶；新貴 upstart
養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) endowment insurance
解雇金 severance pay
勾銷債款 write off
職員總數(shù) headcount
逃稅 tax evasion
公開募款 initial public offering
戰(zhàn)略石油儲(chǔ)備 strategic petroleum reserve
基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) benchmark
出口補(bǔ)貼 export subsidy
反托拉斯 anti—trust
資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 balance sheet
貨存，庫存量 inventory
反傾銷 antidumping
不足，赤字，差額 shortfall
美國聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng) Federal Reserve
資本凈值 net worth
文化方面：
無為而治 letting nature take its own course/govern by noninterference
鄉(xiāng)土文化 native culture
炎黃子孫 a Chinese descendant/the Chinese nation
以德行仁 practice humanity with virtue
源遠(yuǎn)流長 have a long history
中國意識(shí) Chineseness
中國元素 Chinese elements
中庸之道 doctrine of the mean
二十四節(jié)氣 24 solar terms
民間工藝品 folk arts and crafts
文化多樣性 cultural diversification
文化軟實(shí)力 cultural soft power
傳統(tǒng)文化知識(shí) traditional cultural know-how
對(duì)外文化貿(mào)易 international cultural trade
思想道德建設(shè) raise ideological and ethical standards
《四庫全書》 Complete Works of Chinese Classics
文化產(chǎn)業(yè)基地 cultural industrial base
文化傳播渠道 channels of cultural transmission
文化創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè) cultural creative industry
文化體制改革 reform of cultural administrative system; cultural restructuring
骨干文化企業(yè) leading/key cultural enterprises
文化資源整合 integration of cultural resources
新興文化業(yè)態(tài) emerging cultural formats
改造落后的文化 transform the backward culture
世界文化遺產(chǎn)地 world cultural heritage site
弘揚(yáng)民族優(yōu)秀文化 advance and enrich the fine cultural heritage of the nation
文化下鄉(xiāng)長效機(jī)制 long-term mechanism for developing culture in rural areas
重大文化產(chǎn)業(yè)項(xiàng)目 major cultural industrial projects
國家一類文物保護(hù)單位 cultural relics (units) under first-grade state protection
吸收外國文化有益成果 absorb the achievements of foreign cultures
修身、齊家、治國、平天下 self-cultivation, a well-managed family, and the ability to administer the state and to bring peace to the nation
天干地支 Heavenly Stems and Earthy Branches
天人合一 unity of man and nature
天下為公 the world or country for all
文化寶藏 cultural treasures
文化產(chǎn)業(yè) cultural industry
農(nóng)耕文化 farming culture
善養(yǎng)浩氣 skillful in nourishing virtual force
慎言敏行 diligent in duties and careful in speech
十二生肖 Chinese Zodiac
思維方式 the way of thinking
文化創(chuàng)新 cultural innovation
文化事業(yè) cultural undertakings
文化視點(diǎn) cultural perspective
文化需求 cultural needs
文化搖籃 cradle of culture
文化遺跡 cultural relics
文化重建 cultural reconstruction
文化自覺 cultural awareness
八股文 eight-legged; official stereotyped writing
本命年 one’s animal year
道德觀 moral outlook
端午節(jié) Dragon Boat Festival
翰林院 Imperial Academy
和為貴 harmony is most precious
禮之本 essence of the rites
Xi
Jinping stresses CPC leadership of state-owned enterprises
習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)堅(jiān)持黨對(duì)國有企業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不動(dòng)搖
1．Efforts should be made to strengthen and improve
Party leadership, as well as to build the role of the Party in SOEs to make
them the most trustworthy and reliable forces of the CPC and the state.
要通過加強(qiáng)和完善黨對(duì)國有企業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)國有企業(yè)黨的建設(shè)，使國有企業(yè)成為黨和國家最可信賴的依靠力量。
2. SOEs should also become
important forces to implement decisions of the CPC Central Committee, the new development
concept, deepened reform, major strategies such as the "going out"
strategies and the Belt and Road Initiative, as well as to enhance overall
national power, economic and social development and people's wellbeing.
國有企業(yè)要成為堅(jiān)決貫徹執(zhí)行黨中央決策部署的重要力量，成為貫徹新發(fā)展理念、全面深化改革的重要力量，成為實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略、“一帶一路”建設(shè)等重大戰(zhàn)略的重要力量，成為壯大綜合國力、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、保障和改善民生的重要力量。
3. The president urged
deepening the reform of SOEs, improving management and stepping up supervision
of state assets to make SOEs stronger, bigger and better.
總書記強(qiáng)調(diào)要深化國有企業(yè)改革、提高經(jīng)營管理水平，加強(qiáng)國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，堅(jiān)定不移把國有企業(yè)做強(qiáng)做優(yōu)做大。
4. Xi Jinping said Party
leadership and building the role of the Party are "the root and soul"
for SOEs.
習(xí)近平表示，堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè)，是國有企業(yè)的“根”和“魂”。
5. Progress in SOE reform and
development should be the criteria for assessing performance of Party
organizations in SOEs, Xi Jinping said, stressing they should aim to improve
corporate profitability, competitiveness and preserve or increase the value of
state assets.
習(xí)近平指出，把提高企業(yè)效益、增強(qiáng)企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)實(shí)力、實(shí)現(xiàn)國有資產(chǎn)保值增值作為國有企業(yè)黨組織工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，以企業(yè)改革發(fā)展成果檢驗(yàn)黨組織的工作和戰(zhàn)斗力。
6. The leading role of Party
organizations in SOE personnel selection must not change and efforts should be
made to cultivate a number of quality corporate executives.
堅(jiān)持黨組織對(duì)國有企業(yè)選人用人的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和把關(guān)作用不能變，著力培養(yǎng)一支宏大的高素質(zhì)企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人員隊(duì)伍。
7. Noting that the CPC's leadership
in SOEs is a "major political principle," Xi said this principle must
be insisted on. Reform to establish a modern enterprise system within SOEs
should be adhered to as well, Xi Jinping said.
習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)，堅(jiān)持黨對(duì)國有企業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是重大政治原則，必須一以貫之。建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度是國有企業(yè)改革的方向，也必須一以貫之。
8. Xi Jinping said the Party
should lead SOEs in political, ideological and organizational aspects
習(xí)近平指出，黨對(duì)國有企業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、思想領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一。
9. The Party's power and
responsibilities in SOE decision-making, implementation and supervision
processes should be clearly defined.
要明確黨組織在決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督各環(huán)節(jié)的權(quán)責(zé)和工作方式。
10. Supervision over
officials in key positions needs to be intensified.
要強(qiáng)化對(duì)關(guān)鍵崗位、重要人員特別是一把手的監(jiān)督管理。
11. Important matters
concerning the immediate interests of workers must be submitted to workers'
congresses for deliberation.
企業(yè)在重大決策上要聽取職工意見，涉及職工切身利益的重大問題必須經(jīng)過職代會(huì)審議。
12. Party committees at local
levels should incorporate SOE party building into their overall work plans.
地方各級(jí)黨委要把國有企業(yè)黨的建設(shè)納入整體工作部署和黨的建設(shè)總體規(guī)劃。
13. Liu Yunshan said efforts
should be made to integrate party building with business operations to
transform the fruits of party building into competitive edges for the
enterprises.
劉云山指出，要推動(dòng)黨建工作與生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營深度融合，把黨建工作成效轉(zhuǎn)化為企業(yè)發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)。
The
concept of the American Santa Claus originated with St. Nicholas, who was born
in Asia Minor in 280 A.D. He was known as a kind, benevolent man; indeed made a
saint because of his generosity.
美國人關(guān)于圣誕老人的概念源于圣-尼古拉斯，他生于公元280年的小亞細(xì)亞。眾所周知，他是個(gè)和藹、慈善的人；確實(shí)，由于他的慷慨寬大而成為一位圣徒。
圣誕節(jié)專題
In
honor of St. Nicholas, December 6 became the traditional day in Europe for the
exchange of Christmas gifts and the beginning of the holiday season.
為了紀(jì)念圣-尼古拉斯，按照歐洲傳統(tǒng)，12月6日就是交換圣誕禮物的日子，也標(biāo)志著圣誕假期開始
Christmas
is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows
the exact date of Christ's birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on
December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special
religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and
decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word
Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of
Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and
Saint Matthew in the New Testament.
“圣誕節(jié)”這個(gè)名稱是“基督彌撒”的縮寫。彌撒是教會(huì)的一種禮拜儀式。耶誕節(jié)是一個(gè)宗教節(jié)。我們把它當(dāng)作耶穌的誕辰來慶祝，因而又名耶誕節(jié)。這一天，世界所有的基督教會(huì)都舉行特別的禮拜儀式。但是有很多圣誕節(jié)的歡慶活動(dòng)和宗教并無半點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)。交換禮物，寄圣誕卡，這都使圣誕節(jié)成為一個(gè)普天同慶的日子。
在美國，圣誕節(jié)宴席上的傳統(tǒng)食物有填餡的火雞、土豆泥、越橘醬等。A traditional Christmas dinner in America includes
stuffed turkey （火雞） , mashed
potatoes, cranberry sauce （越橘醬） , and a
variety of other dishes.烤火雞不但在美國，在加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭也是圣誕宴席上最普遍的主菜。Roast turkey is the most popular main course not only in the
United States, but also in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.也有的人家不吃火雞，而吃火腿或烤鵝。Some families have ham or roast goose instead of
turkey.人們最喜歡的飯后甜點(diǎn)包括甜餡餅或南瓜餡餅、李子布丁和水果蛋糕。Favorite desserts include mince pie or pumpkin pie, plum
pudding and fruitcake.蛋奶酒是許多家庭喜歡的飲料。Eggnog is a
popular Christmas beverage （飲料） in many homes.在英國，圣誕宴在中午舉行，傳統(tǒng)食品有烤火雞或烤鵝、圣誕布丁、甜餡餅和葡萄酒。In Britain, Christmas dinner is eaten at noon, and
the dinner usually includes roast turkey or goose, Christmas pudding with mince
pies, and accompanied by wine.
圣誕節(jié)的重要傳統(tǒng)之一是接受圣誕老人贈(zèng)送的禮物。One of the most important Christmas traditions is receiving gifts
from Santa Claus.許多小孩子相信自己在圣誕節(jié)收到的禮物來自圣誕老人。圣誕老人是個(gè)快活的胖老頭兒，長著白胡子，身穿紅袍，頭戴紅帽。據(jù)說圣誕老人從北極附近的某地出發(fā)，駕著馴鹿拉的雪橇從空中飛到各家，從煙囪進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)，留下禮物。Many young children believe that the presents they receive at
Christmas are given by Santa Claus, who is a jolly, white-bearded fat man in a
red suit and red hat. According to the story, Santa Claus travels through the
air from somewhere near the North Pole in a sled drawn by reindeer （馴鹿） and
comes down the chimney to leave the presents.現(xiàn)在，許多國家，包括美國、加拿大、英國 和澳大利亞，都有圣誕老人把節(jié)日禮物送給孩子們。Today, Santa Claus brings presents to children in many countries,
including the United States, Canada, Great Britain and Australia.許多商店雇人裝扮成圣誕老人，傾聽孩子們的愿望。Many department stores hire people to wear a Santa Claus costume and
listen to children's requests.在英國，圣誕老人也叫“ Father Christmas ”。 In Great Britain
Santa Claus is also called Father Christmas.圣誕節(jié)前幾周，孩子們就開始寫信給圣誕老人，告訴他自己想要什么禮物。During the weeks before Christmas, children write letters to Father
Christmas and tell him what presents they would like to receive.然后他們把信扔進(jìn)壁爐的火里。They then throw these letters into the fire.他們相信，如果上升的氣流把灰燼順煙囪帶了上去，他們的愿望便會(huì)得到滿足。Children believe that if a draft draws the letter up through the
chimney, their wishes will be fulfilled.
